As India accelerates its efforts towards achieving net zero emissions, transportation plays a pivotal role in shaping the country’s environmental future. Two-wheelers, in particular, represent a crucial segment of India's transportation system, with their widespread use across both rural and urban areas. By transitioning to electric two-wheelers (E2Ws), India can significantly reduce carbon emissions, improve air quality, and bolster energy security.
The Dominance of Two-wheelers in India
Two-wheelers are a vital mode of transportation for millions of Indians. Approximately 30-40 per cent of households in the country own a two-wheeler, and in many cases, these are the primary vehicles for daily commuting. Their flexibility, affordability, and ease of maneuvering through congested city streets make them an indispensable part of urban and rural mobility. But there are environmental costs associated with this reliance. According to the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), two-wheelers contribute nearly 32 per cent of the air pollutants in Indian cities. Conventional motorcycles and scooters emit harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides, which not only harm the environment but also pose serious health risks to the population.
E2Ws: A Path to Cleaner Transportation
It is imperative to electrify two-wheelers to reduce the carbon footprint of India’s transport sector. Electric two-wheelers offer a cleaner, greener alternative by eliminating tailpipe emissions entirely. With electric vehicles (EVs), energy requirements shift from oil to electricity, a transition that can be increasingly supported by renewable energy sources such as solar power.
The Role of Renewable Energy
To ensure that E2Ws fulfill their potential as a low-carbon solution, it is crucial to integrate renewable energy into their charging infrastructure. The widespread use of solar-powered battery chargers and rooftop microgrids, especially in rural and town areas, can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of electric vehicles. With ample rooftop space available in rural regions, solar-powered systems are a practical solution to ensure that electric 2Ws are truly emissions-free.
With the evolution of Li-ion battery technology, EV 2Ws can also act as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) by plugging them back into grid during the working/vehicle-idle hours, which offers efficient power distribution by balancing the demand and easing the strain on the system.
Building the Ecosystem for E2Ws
The successful adoption of electric two-wheelers relies not only on the vehicles themselves but also on the ecosystem that supports them. An efficient network of charging and battery swapping stations, advancements in battery technology with Smart connectivity, and policy incentives are essential to making E2Ws a practical choice for everyday commuters. The government, in partnership with private players, is already working to create the necessary infrastructure.
However, more needs to be done to improve the availability of charging/swapping stations, skilled technicians and deeper network of after-sales services to ensure vehicle uptime of 100 per cent, especially in smaller cities and rural areas.
The Way Ahead
The rise of electric two-wheelers in India represents more than just a technological shift; it symbolises a broader change in lifestyle and thinking. Adopting a future where social well-being, economic efficiency, and environmental responsibility are given top priority is the goal of the shift to sustainable and smarter transportation. The combined efforts of the government, industry stakeholders, and consumers are paving the way for a cleaner, greener, and more prosperous India.
Electric two-wheelers are poised to become a central part of India’s strategy to reach its net zero emissions targets. They offer a solution to some of the country’s most pressing challenges—air pollution, oil dependency, and urban congestion—while contributing to the global fight against climate change. With the right policies and infrastructure in place, the adoption of E2Ws will not only transform the transportation sector but also propel India towards a sustainable future.
This article has been written by Dr. Nishanth Dongari, Founder and Managing Director of Pure EV
